(1) CHAPTER 5: Ipswich - The Place

5.1 Ipswich in context

5.2 Ipswich is the county town of Suffolk and a major centre of population, economic activity and growth in the Eastern Region. It is a key centre in the New Anglia Local Enterprise Partnership region covering Norfolk and Suffolk. Map 1 below shows Ipswich in context.

5.3 The town performs a regional role in delivering growth and performing as a major employment, shopping and service centre, and a focus for transportation. There is in Ipswich also an ongoing need for regeneration to address pockets of deprivation in some of the disadvantaged and physically more run down areas of the town.

5.4 Deprivation issues are the result of different combinations of factors that may include higher than average proportions of elderly residents, high unemployment; lower-than average skill level; income deprivation or crime. For example unemployment in Ipswich is higher than that for the eastern region as a whole and the national average, while areas with higher than average pensioner households have implications for the future distribution of health and social care.

MAP 1: Ipswich in its sub-regional context

5.5 Ipswich the town

5.6 As an engine of growth for the East of England, Ipswich has a thriving commercial sector, ICT sector linked to Adastral Park, business and financial services sector and a significant port. It is a centre for education, including the University of Suffolk on the Waterfront, which offers a programme of teaching and research in key sectors. Ipswich also provides a wide range of cultural, sporting and retail provision, which serves the needs of the sub-region. The town has a diverse and multi­cultural population, and is one of the fastest growing urban centres in the UK.

5.7 Ipswich is developing dynamically and prosperously and has strong prospects for growth. Finance, IT and business activities account for one quarter of the workforce, with a similar proportion for distribution, hotels and restaurants, the latter demonstrating the role of Ipswich in sub-regional tourism and the strong night-time economy. This growth is supported at a central, sub-regional and local government level, enabling Ipswich to develop while acknowledging the sense of place established by many historic buildings and areas and its large landscaped parks. Partners have agreed a Greater Ipswich City Deal with the Government with a focus on tackling skills levels and low wages.

5.8 The town is well connected in the transport network. Train services provide access to London in just over an hour and links to Norwich, Cambridge and Peterborough, but the network also serves the East Coast and Felixstowe, all essential routes for containerised freight. Ipswich is also closely connected to the trunk road network with the A12 giving access to London, the M25 and Stansted Airport and the A14 linking the Midlands and the Port of Felixstowe. Nevertheless, there are congestion and capacity issues.

5.9 The table below sets out some of the town's vital statistics:

Population	117,200 (2001) 133,384 (2011) 136,400 (2014) 138,500 (2017) (Nomis)
Number of Economically Active People	70,900 (79.6%) (April 2016 – March 2017) 70,300 (79.3%) (April 2017 – March 2018) (Nomis)
Number of Employed People	67,600 (75.7%) (April 2016 – March 2017) 67,300 (75.9%) (April 2017 – March 2018) (Nomis)
Employment Sectors (employee jobs) (Nomis 2016)	Mining and Quarrying	0 (0.0%)
	Manufacturing	2,250 (3.2%)
	Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply	1, 500 (2.1%)
	Water Supply	300 (0.4%)
	Construction	3,000 (4.2%)
	Wholesale and Retail	11,000 (15.5%)
	Transportation and Storage	4,500 (6.3%)
	Accommodation and Food Service activities	4,000 (5.6%)
	Information and Communication	1,750 (2.5%)
	Financial and Insurance Activities	5,000 (7.0%)
	Real Estate Activities	900 (1.3%)
	Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities	3,500 (4.9%)
	Administrative and Support Service Activities	8,000 (11.3%)
	Public Administration and Defence	4,500 (6.3%)
	Education	5,000 (7.0%)
	Human Health and Social Work Activities	12,000 (16.9%)
	Arts, Entertainment and Recreation	2,500 (3.5%)
	Other Service Activities	1,250 (1.8%)
Number of Self-Employed People	8,400 (9.5%) (East 11.2%) (Great Britain 10.6%) (April 2016 – March 2017) 9,000 (9.8%) (East 11.6%) (Great Britain 10.6%) (April 2017 – March 2018) (Nomis)
Unemployment	3,600 (5%) (East 3.5%) (Great Britain 4.7%) (April 2016 – March 2017) 3,300 (4.6%) (East 3.7%) (Great Britain 4.3%) (April 2017 – March 2018) Nomis
Number of Businesses	3,865 (2016) 4,065 (2017) Nomis
Ethnic group (non-white British)	11% (2011) Census
Heritage	Over 600 listed buildings, 15 conservation areas, 8 scheduled monuments and 3 registered parks, gardens and cemeteries.
Average Annual House Building (2011 to 2017)	305.5 dwellings per annum (including assisted living units)
Average percentage of housing built on previously development land (2011 to 2017)	79%

5.10 Much of the recent development in the town has been focused around four key central areas: the Waterfront, Portman Quarter, town centre and Education Quarter.

5.11 Ipswich Waterfront in the 19^th Century was briefly the largest wet dock in England. Today it is the location for the largest single regeneration project in the East of England and the focus of huge commercial, cultural and institutional investment such as the regional home for Dance East and the University ofSuffolk. New buildings benefit from being immediately south of the town centre and connected to it by attractive historic streets. This investment has assisted in the provision of jobs, new housing and educational opportunities.

5.12 Progressive regeneration is creating space for a vibrant new cultural, residential, business and leisure area, complementing the existing marina facilities. Along the northern and eastern quays in particular former industrial uses and tall storage silos are being replaced with new architecture in a variety of styles and materials. Generally the new buildings reflect a similar scale and do not detract from those parts of the historic core that extend down to the Waterfront. These strikingly scaled new buildings have largely created their own special character.

5.13 The large scale regeneration of Ipswich Waterfront has also encouraged new interest from businesses. On the western bank of the river, Felaw Maltings and the IP-City business centre are both now in demand for their top quality business space, providing facilities for over 800 workers. On the Waterfront itself, one of the town's largest legal practices has chosen to relocate its offices into one of the converted 19^th Century industrial buildings adjacent to the historic Old Custom House.

5.14 To the south-west of the central area, Portman Quarter offers a further choice of employment and residential sites. This is already the location of headquarters for Ipswich Borough Council and Suffolk County Council as well as Suffolk Life, Ipswich Crown Courts, Ipswich Town Football Club and AXA Insurance among others. This location is well placed for further commercial and institutional uses because of its close proximity to the town centre, the Waterfront and Ipswich railway station.

5.15 In April 2007 a town centre Business Improvement District (BID) was established, called Ipswich Central. The company has been established to manage the town centre in a new way and bring investment into the retail heart of Ipswich to benefit businesses, residents and visitors. Ipswich Central has the twin aims of promoting and managing the town centre. Through the Ipswich Vision partnership project, it aims to work with stakeholders to create a successful county town centre.

5.16 A particularly exciting development for Ipswich was the establishment in September 2007 of a new Education Quarter for the University Campus Suffolk, established on and closely related to the Waterfront. This area is the focus of more than £150m investment which brought a brand new campus to the centre of Ipswich in an innovative partnership between the University of Essex and University of East Anglia. Its landmark building on the Waterfront opened in 2008 followed by Athena Hall, a student accommodation block in 2010 and the James Hehir building in 2011. In August 2016 the University gained independence as the University of Suffolk.

5.17 The development of this new higher education establishment has also enabled the complete rebuilding of Ipswich's further education facility - Suffolk College. A £59m development of the Suffolk New College was completed in 2009. Both these new education facilities will improve and increase the opportunities and choices for Ipswich. It is anticipated that these will spark further commercial, cultural and academic developments.

5.18 The Physical Development of Ipswich

5.19 Ipswich is a large town of great historic and archaeological importance, with origins in the 7^th Century. The town centre, by an accident of topography, retains the physical character of a much smaller market town. This is partly because the prevailing scale of the town centre is still predominantly that of its medieval and earlier origins - rarely exceeding four-storeys in height - and partly because the town centre sits in a shallow drainage basin of the River Gipping with well landscaped Victorian developments and large parks which disguise the extent of modern development which extends beyond it, especially to the east.

5.20 Although recent redevelopment of tall, late 19^th and 20^th Century industrial buildings around the Waterfront has emulated the height of these buildings, this has principally been confined to the area of the northern quays to the south of the historic core of the town centre.

5.21 Historically, drainage constraints have inhibited development to the north of Ipswich and the character of the surrounding countryside infiltrates into the built-up area where Christchurch Park extends southward to the northern edge of the medieval core of the town. The former tidal basin that became the 19^th Century Wet Dock also constrained the development of Ipswich with houses fanning out westward along the Gipping valley and over a largely flat plateau to the east.

5.22 These physical constraints and historical form of Ipswich have significant consequences for modern day traffic movement, particularly the location of Christchurch Park to the north of the medieval core and the Wet Dock and river to the south. All of these features are important to the character of Ipswich and as conservation areas are also major protected heritage assets. They in effect confine traffic to only three 'crossing- points': Colchester Road north of the park; Crown Street north of the core; and Star Lane - College St/Key Street north of the dock. Opportunities to radically change the traffic patterns within Ipswich are therefore significantly restricted by existing development and physical features.

5.23 Beyond the inner Victorian suburbs, Ipswich has developed in the 20^th Century through large scale, almost entirely two-storey inter-war and post war suburban development. Whilst there are some notable exceptions, much of it is of indifferent architectural quality and lacks the landscaping and open space that would have helped establish a strong localised sense of place.

5.24 Key challenges for Ipswich over the Plan Period

5.25 Over the plan period to 2036 the issues and challenges mainly stem from how Ipswich can manage and gain best advantage from the significant growth that is taking place:

• accommodating growth in a way that enhances Ipswich's character and unique sense of place, residents' quality of life and the town's biodiversity;
• strengthening the role of Ipswich town centre in response to ongoing changes to the way in which it serves Ipswich's residents and visitors;
• using regeneration opportunities to address deprivation, make places safer and create opportunities for all;
• managing the additional travel demands that growth will generate and guiding as many trips as possible to sustainable modes for the good of the environment, economy and health;
• maintaining accessibility to goods and services in Ipswich including to those living outside its boundary;
• retaining skilled workers and improving skills levels amongst the workforce;
• protecting and supporting appropriately located industrial and business activity;
• managing flood risk, increasing resilience and adapting to a changing climate;
• ensuring that infrastructure provision keeps pace with growth and addressing gaps in access to fast broadband; and
• supporting the completion of key regeneration priorities at the Waterfront.