(1) Chapter 4 Social Baseline

Population

4.1 Ipswich Borough has a total population of 137,349 people as of 2017 (made up of a roughly equal number of men and women).  The largest age group in Ipswich is the 25-29 year olds (10,226). In addition, 20.3% or one in five residents are aged 15 or under.

4.2 Ipswich also has a high population of people of working age (64%) and relatively low numbers of retired people (16% of the Ipswich population).  In contrast as can be seen from the graph below, the largest age group living in Suffolk Coastal, Mid Suffolk and Babergh are in the nearing retirement age group of 60-64.

Figure 4: Total population by age group

4.3 Ipswich as an entirely urban area, is different in character from the surrounding districts which all have a large rural population as demonstrated in table 3 overleaf. Suffolk Coastal has the lowest number of people living in the country but Babergh, Mid Suffolk and Suffolk Coastal districts all have a much higher proportion of rural dwellers than the average for England and Wales.

Location	% of population living within a rural setting
Suffolk Coastal	45
Babergh	69
Mid Suffolk	75
Ipswich	0
Suffolk	40
England and Wales	20

Table 3:  Percentage of the population living in a rural setting (Hidden Needs in Suffolk. 2016)

Population Projections

4.4 Table 4 below shows population projections across the IHMA from 2014 to 2024. It brings together different population components, these being natural change (the relationship between births and deaths), international migration (people moving to the IHMA from abroad), and UK migration (people moving into the IHMA from other parts of the UK).

4.5 As would be expected Ipswich is a much younger district than the rural districts, because of the availability of employment and further and higher education opportunities and this is demonstrated by the Natural Change figures. This means Ipswich expects to see more births than deaths across the decade, 2014-2024. Whereas the other regions are expected to experience more deaths than births, the largest negative figure being for Suffolk Coastal (-3.7%).

4.6 Net International Change and Net Within UK Migration represent migration in and out of the IHMA. It is clear from the table that the international migration is not going to have a major impact on the growing population of the IHMA in the near future. However, domestic migration will have a more significant impact.

LPA	Population change (%)	Natural change (%)	Net international migration (%)	Net within UK migration (%)
Suffolk Coastal	2.6	-3.7	-1.0	7.4
Babergh	3.9	-2.4	-0.5	6.8
Mid Suffolk	6.6	-0.5	-0.1	7.2
Ipswich	5.0	5.6	-1.7	1.1
East of England	8.9	3.2	2.5	3.1
England	7.5	3.9	3.7	-0.1

Table 4:  Population projections 2014-2024 ^[6]

Poverty and Social Exclusion - Teenage pregnancy rates

4.7 More than one in four teenage pregnancies was in Ipswich (26.9 of the total number of teenage pregnancies in Suffolk).This is level of teenage pregnancy is higher than you would expect in Suffolk and in comparisons with the rest of England, as illustrated in Figure 5 below. The number of teenage pregnancies in Ipswich did significantly decrease between 2012 and 2014 but still remains much higher than average when compared to the rest of Suffolk or England.

Figure 5: Ipswich Teenage Conception Rates (Suffolk Observatory)

Multiple Deprivation levels

4.8 There are a number of indicators that are used to look at the overall community wellbeing of a place and whether local residents are deprived in any way in relation to things like earnings, employment levels, health and disability, skill levels, living environment and other such measures. This is known as the 'Index of Multiple Deprivation Score' (IMD). There are 12 small areas in Ipswich within the most deprived 10% of communities in England.^[7]

4.9 Figure 6 overleaf shows the IMD score for the IHMA authorities 2007-2015. There has been an increase in deprivation across the whole IHMA. Despite this increase the score for Suffolk Coastal remains below the average score for County as a whole and significantly below the score for Ipswich. 

Figure 6: Index of Multiple Deprivation^[8]

4.10 The Index of Multiple Deprivation ranks Lower Layer Super Output Areas to determine where the most and least deprived areas are in England.   The map in figure 7 shows that Ipswich has a higher concentration of deprived Lower Super Output Areas than other authorities in the IHMA.

Figure 7: Indices of Multiple Deprivation by LSOA^[9]

4.11 The 2015 Indices of Multiple Deprivation are the latest statistics available and they show that 12 of Ipswich's 84 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) are within the 10% most deprived in England whereas just 2 are in the 10% least deprived.

Income Deprivation

4.12 Table 5 displays the figures for income-deprived children in the districts that make up the IHMA. Suffolk is home to almost 20,000 children living in income deprivation. 21.5% of children in Ipswich live in income deprived households that means one in five children in Ipswich live in poverty. This figure is much higher than the Suffolk County average. The table below shows that children's life chances are significantly affected by where they live.

	Total number of children (0-15 years)	Number of children in income deprivation	% of children in income deprived households
Suffolk Coastal	21,565	2,234	10.5
Babergh	15,772	1,953	12.5
Mid Suffolk	17,689	1,732	9.9
Ipswich	26,465	5,795	21.5
Suffolk	133,408	19,979	15

Table 5: Income-deprived children^[10]

4.13 Approximately 18,000 under 16s in Suffolk live in poverty, 13% of all children[11]. Ipswich has the highest levels of child poverty in the county and is higher than the national average. The impact of deprivation is associated with an increased risk depression, poor health, domestic violence, unemployment, limited access to educational resourcing books and computers.

4.14 Both income and employment, affecting working age people and older people has wide variations across the IHMA. Ipswich has the highest percentage of the population in overall income deprivation as well as that which affects older people and working age adults – when compared to the IHMA districts, and the national and regional figures. Suffolk Coastal is amongst the lowest for deprivation among working age adults, just above the figure for Mid Suffolk.

	Income deprivation, all people (%)	Employment deprivation among working age adults (%)	Income deprivation affecting older people (%)
Suffolk Coastal	8.5	7.9	9.9
Babergh	9.5	8.1	10.6
Mid Suffolk	9.9	7.5	14.2
Ipswich	16.3	13	17.5
Suffolk	11.4	9.8	12.4
East of England	11.9	9.8	13.2
England	14.6	11.9	16.2

Table 6:  Income and employment deprivation among working age adults and older people (Hidden Needs in Suffolk, 2016)

Ethnicity

4.15 According to the 2001 Census, the proportion of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) (non-white) groups in the Ipswich HMA was 2.9%. This is lower than that recorded for the East region (4.9%) and the national average (9.1%). The 2011 Census suggests that the BAME population has increased to 5.2% of the total population in the Ipswich HMA which is still notably smaller than the regional and national figures (9.2% in the East region and 14.5% in England). In Babergh the BAME population constitutes 2.2% of the total population, 11.1% in Ipswich, 2.1% in Mid Suffolk, 3.5% in Suffolk Coastal.

4.16 The figures below present the ethnicity of the population in the Ipswich HMA in 2011. The 'Asian or Asian British' represents the largest BAME group in the Ipswich HMA area (comprising 2.1% of total population). It should be noted that the 'White' group in the Ipswich HMA includes: 'White Irish' (0.5%); 'White Gypsy and Traveller (0.1%); and 'White Other' (2.9%) as well as 'White British' (91.3%).

Figure 8: Ethnicity of the population in the IHMA by Local Authority^[12]

Future Considerations

• Any change to migration trends
• Inequality
• Changing demographics especially in relation to a young population in Ipswich and planning for suitable services

Likely evolution of the Baseline without the Local Plan

• No opportunity to plan positively to reduce deprivation and improve social inclusion
• No opportunities to address ageing population and meet the needs of a changing population

Key data sources

• Nomis
• Hidden Needs in Suffolk
• ONS
• 2015 State of Suffolk Report
• Census
• Indices of Deprivation
• Ipswich & East Suffolk Clinical Commissioning Group Operational Plan 2017/18 – 2018/19
• Neighbourhood Statistics 2012

Key Issues for the Sustainability Appraisal

	Key SA issue across Ipswich and Suffolk Coastal	Ipswich Specific Issues
Population	The need to reduce inequality and social exclusion	Ipswich scores worse than the Suffolk average against every indicator the 'Index of Multiple Deprivation Score' except, barriers to housing and services.  One in five children in Ipswich lives in poverty. High comparative  level of teenage pregnancy
	Impact of changing demographics and migration trends	The Borough, compared to the rest of the county has a higher number of children, a higher population of working age because of the availability of job opportunities. Although there is an aging population, there is a trend to retire out to rural areas. Ipswich expects to see more births than deaths across the decade, 2014-2024.

Table 7: Key Issues -Population

Housing

Housing Tenure

4.17 According to 2012 Census data, Ipswich records by far the lowest level of owner-occupiers with no mortgage (25.7%) but a relatively large social rented stock (21.6%) and a large private rented sector (19.9%). Mid Suffolk and Suffolk Coastal record the smallest social rented sector (11.2% and 11.4% respectively) and the greatest private rented sector (13.2% and 12.9% respectively). The tenure profile in Babergh is most similar to the regional average and can be considered as well balanced within this context.

4.18 Across all the districts in the Ipswich HMA there has been a fall in owner occupation with a mortgage between 2001 and 2011 and significant rises in the private rental sector, particularly in Ipswich, as illustrated in figure 9 below.

Figure 9: Change in number of households in each tenure 2001-2011^[13]

Housing Type

4.19 From the table overleaf it is apparent that there are clear differences in the housing type and number amongst the districts of the IHMA, particularly in Ipswich. Suffolk Coastal follows the characteristics of Babergh and Mid Suffolk. These districts contain large amounts of detached and semi-detached houses and fewer terraced houses and flats, when compared to Ipswich. This is no different from other rural and urban regions throughout the country.

4.20 The most common property type across the Ipswich HMA is detached houses followed by semi-detached dwellings. There are some notable differences within Ipswich; almost a quarter of dwellings in Ipswich are flats, whilst they make up no more than a tenth of the stock in the other three areas. Mid Suffolk contains the greatest proportion of detached houses whilst Ipswich has the largest percentage of terraced houses^[14].

4.21 Since 2001 the number of flats has increased markedly in the Ipswich HMA, by 37.8%. Whilst this change is most pronounced in Ipswich a large growth in this property type is common to allauthorities within the Ipswich HMA. The change in the number of houses across the Ipswich HMA has been less notable, although terraced dwellings have recorded the biggest rise (11.9%), followed by detached properties (9.4%) and semi-detached homes (7.7%).

Figure 10: Dwelling Types in the Ipswich HMA, County and in England

Housing Completions

4.22 Table 8 overleaf shows the housing completions throughout the IHMA and the affordable housing completions as a proportion of overall completions for 2015. Suffolk Coastal has the highest proportion of affordable housing completions when compared to Babergh and Mid Suffolk. However, Ipswich has the highest percentage of affordable housing completions at 27% but this is much lower than the previous year's affordable housing proportion of total completions at 43%. Within the Ipswich HMA, Ipswich recorded the largest growth in dwellings (14.7%), followed by Mid Suffolk (14.0%), Suffolk Coastal (10.8%) and Babergh (8.2%).^[15]

	Net housing completions	Affordable housing completions	% affordable completions
Suffolk Coastal	564	101	18
Babergh	157	31	20
Mid Suffolk	304	78	26
Ipswich	496	133	27

Table 8:  Housing completions in 2015/16 (SCDC AMR 2016)

Dwelling Stock

4.23 The table below compares the size of accommodation (in terms of bedrooms) in both the Ipswich HMA and the Waveney HMA, the East region and England. The table indicates that there are a greater proportion of three bedroom properties and fewer smaller homes (two or fewer bedrooms) in the Ipswich Housing Area than the East region and England as a whole. Overall, three bedroom homes account for 43% of all dwellings in the Ipswich HMA.  Mid Suffolk records the lowest proportion of small dwellings and the highest proportion of larger homes (four or more bedrooms). Ipswich has the largest proportion of small dwellings and the lowest level of large homes. Nearly half the properties in Ipswich are 3 bedroomed properties (49.9%) and just over a quarter of the properties in Ipswich are two bedroomed (25.4%).

Property Size	The IHMA	Babergh	Ipswich	Mid Suffolk	Suffolk Coastal	East	England
Bedsit	0.2%	0.1%	0.3%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%
1 bedroom	8.5%	6.3%	12.8%	6.0%	7.3%	10.4%	11.8%
2 bedrooms	25.1%	25.4%	25.4%	25.0%	24.8%	26.2%	27.9%
3 bedrooms	43.4%	42.0%	49.9%	40.4%	39.8%	41.4%	41.2%
4 bedrooms	17.3%	20.2%	9.2%	21.2%	20.9%	16.8%	14.4%
5 or more bedrooms	5.5%	6.0%	2.5%	7.2%	7.1%	5.1%	4.6%
Total	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 9:  Size of dwelling stock (Census. 2011)^[16]

Second Homes

4.24 Ipswich has a high number of cheaper ranged second homes than the other districts in the IHMA. Ipswich has the second highest number of second homes in bands A and B, and then drops to the lowest number of second homes across bands C to H.   This is likely to be a function of letting properties to students and a buy-to-let market.  Babergh and Mid Suffolk follow a more consistent pattern across all of the council tax bands.

Figure 11: Second homes by council tax band in 2015 (Suffolk Observatory. 2015)^[17]

Homelessness

4.25 In 2009-10 the rate of statutory homelessness^[18] in Suffolk was 1 per 1,000 households or 300 households (see figure overleaf). Homelessness is an important public health problem; people in unsettled accommodation have higher health needs than their peers.

4.26 The figure below is useful in that it displays the rate of homelessness per 1,000 households across the IHMA. Ipswich has the largest number of homeless people overall. However, it also has the highest population of the four districts.

4.27 The rate of homelessness has decreased in Ipswich, Suffolk Coastal, and Mid Suffolk from 2004 to 2016 but has increased in Babergh.

Figure 12: Rate of homelessness per 1,000 households (Suffolk Observatory. 2016)^[19]

Housing Price to Income Ratio

4.28 Figure 13 overleaf shows the change in house price to income ratio, of the lower quartile, which gives an indication of the affordability of housing in relation to income. The graph shows that all districts have seen an increase in house price to income ratio from 2005 to 2007, which is then followed by a period of decline reaching its lowest point in 2011. The ratio then rises to 2015. 

4.29 Ipswich in 2015 has the lowest house price to income ratio at 6.44 in the IHMA.  This means that homes cost on average 6.44 times average income. However, for many people this is still out of reach, even though it is below the England average in 2015 (which is an improvement in the relationship than between 2008-2015 when the Ipswich ratio lies higher than the national average). This means that in Ipswich, housing is generally more affordable than in the other authority areas in the IHMA.

Figure 13: House price to income ratio – lower quartile (Suffolk Observatory. 2016)^[20]

Average House Prices

4.30 The table below indicates that Suffolk Coastal recorded the highest average price per dwelling in 2016, followed by Babergh and Mid Suffolk. Prices in these three areas are considerably higher than those in Ipswich. In addition, the average prices in Suffolk Coastal are the only ones higher than the East Region.

4.31 The table also shows that average property prices have increased fastest in Babergh, then Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, and Suffolk Coastal. All of the districts of the IHMA experienced a greater percentage increase than the national average. However, these are all below the regional percentage change.

Location	Median price Jul – Sep 2010	Median price Jul – Sep 2016	Median price Jul – Sep 2010 - 2016
Babergh	£193,000	£250,000	29.5%
Ipswich	£128,000	£165,000	28.9%
Mid Suffolk	£180,000	£225,000	25.0%
Suffolk Coastal	£207,000	£254,000	23.2%
East Region	£189,000	£250,000	32.3%
England	£180,000	£220,000	22.2%

Table 10: Median property prices, 2010 and 2016 (Land registry. 2016)^[21]

4.32 Over the last two years house sales have fallen by 50% in Ipswich, as illustrated in figure 14 below.

Figure 14: Property sales in Ipswich over the last decade (Suffolk Observatory Ipswich Profile)

Future Considerations

• Changing Housing Tenure Models
• Second Homes in lower Council Tax bands
• Land Availability
• Changing household composition as a result of changing demographics and housing needs e.g. requirement for more student accommodation when the University of Suffolk expands.
• Affordability
• Homelessness
• Ensuring that homes are of a good quality, in all tenure types

Likely Evolution of the Baseline without the Local Plan

• Not planning positively for an appropriate mix of housing types and tenures
• Lack of standards for new homes
• Not meeting the housing need (i.e. the Objectively Assessed Need)
• Not meeting the need for affordable homes without intervention
• Decline in delivery of homes

Key data sources

• Land Registry
• Joint Housing Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) – Peter Brett & Associates
• Suffolk Observatory
• Census
• Suffolk Coastal AMR

Key Issues for the Sustainability Appraisal

	Key SA issue across Ipswich and Suffolk Coastal	Ipswich Specific Issues
Housing	The need to ensure the delivery of a sustainable supply of housing	Limited land availability and large areas of protected land. Over the last two years house sales have fallen by 50% in Ipswich.
	Ensuring the delivery of  mix of housing types and tenures (including affordable housing)	Low comparative level of owner occupiers with no mortgage, higher socially rented stock and higher private rental sector. Ipswich has the lowest house price to income ratio in the IHMA.  Homes cost on average 6.44 times average income.  However prices have risen significantly in the last few years and Ipswich has the highest affordable housing need. Need to deliver a more diverse range of housing types. The impact of a changing population on housing supply. Increased demand for specialist housing including student accommodation.

Table 11: Key Issues – Housing 

Health and Wellbeing

Health Perception

4.33 The 2011 Census shows more than three quarters of the population (81.4%) of the Borough's population considers themselves to be in "very good health" or "good health". This correlates with the very low number of people in Ipswich who describe themselves in poor or very poor health (4.3%) compared to 16.7% of residents in the East region and 17.6% of people across England.^[22] This is probably explained by the high proportion of the population of Ipswich which is 25 or under (31.2%) which accounts for nearly one third of the population of the Borough.^[23]   This is broadly mirrored in Babergh, Mid-Suffolk and Suffolk Coastal Districts.

Figure 15: Health Perceptions in the IHMA authority areas^[24]

4.34 People over 65 accounted for 61% of all unplanned hospital admissions in Suffolk in 2009, and 60% of the total cost of hospital admissions in Ipswich and East Suffolk.^[25]

Provision of health services

4.35 Ipswich & East Suffolk Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG)  has set the following clinical priorities in their two-year operational plan^[26];

• to improve care for frail elderly;
• to improve mental health outcomes;
• to improve cancer and end of life outcomes;
• to improve the health of people most in need;
• to ensure high quality local services;
• to improve the health and education of children and young people; and
• to promote self-care and prevention

4.36 The 2015/16 year end assurance assessment showed that the Ipswich & East Suffolk CCG was rated as 'requiring improvement'.^[27]

There are 18 GP practices in Ipswich.^[28] 9 GP practices in the CCG with a deprivation score above the England average deprivation score.

4.37 12.1% of the population (48,001) are in the most deprived 20% of people in England. There are around 24 care homes in Ipswich and 12 nursing homes and 35 dentists and dental services practices.^[29]

4.38 In 2017/18-18/19, the CCG will spend over £960m on commissioning healthcare services for around 397,000 people who are registered with 40 GP practices. The 40 practices are divided into four localities;

• Suffolk Brett Stour;
• Commissioning Ideals Alliance;
• Deben Health
• Group; and
• Ipswich

4.39 The Ipswich and East Suffolk heath and care system has been working with organisations in West Suffolk and North East Essex, partners, patients and the public to develop a shared vision and ambitious local plans for accelerating delivery of the 'NHS Forward View' through production of a five year Sustainability and Transformation Plan ( STP). the CCG and its STP partners will change the shape of health and care services, shifting the centre of care away from hospitals into local communities as people are supported to take control of their own health and wellbeing.

Figure 16: Source: Ipswich & East Suffolk Clinical Commissioning Group Operational Plan 2017/18 – 2018/19

Life Expectancy

4.40 The life expectancy at birth for Ipswich men is 78.9 years which is below the national average of 79.1 years. It is also lower than the other districts within the Ipswich Housing Market Area. These figures are : Babergh 81.4 years; Mid Suffolk 81.3 years; and Suffolk Coastal men is 80.8 years all of which are above the national average meaning men on average with the exception of Ipswich live longer on average than in the rest of England.

4.41 The figures for women are as expected slightly higher and there is less of a difference between Ipswich and the other districts within the Ipswich Housing Market area. Again however, in Ipswich female life expectancy is slightly lower at 83.2 years compared with 84 years in Suffolk Coastal, 84.3 years in Babergh, and 84.5 years in Mid Suffolk. All the districts forming the Ipswich Housing Market authorities have a higher life expectancy than the national average of 83 years in England. Therefore women have a higher life expectancy than men and in Ipswich. These figures are for men and women born between January 2009 and December 2013.

4.42 Figure 17 shows the average deaths as a proportion of the population between 2007 and 2012 for each of the authorities across the Ipswich Housing Market Area and the county of Suffolk. Suffolk Coastal and Babergh have the highest average deaths across the Housing Market Area. As can be seen from figure 17 below, the most populous age group in both Suffolk Coastal and Babergh is the 60-64 age group. However, the 25-29 age group is the most populous in Ipswich.

Figure 17: Average deaths as a proportion of the population, 2007-2012^[30].

Obesity in Young Children

4.43 From table 12 overleaf it can be seen that the proportion of children measured to be at a healthy weight is very high, at an average of 73.2%. However, when the data is split into 'year 6' and 'reception' as seen in the table, there is a drop from 78% of children at 'reception' that are of a healthy weight to 69% of children in 'year 6' that are of a healthy weight.

4.44 Across the Ipswich Housing Market Area, Ipswich has the highest average percentage of children that are obese (14.3%) and underweight (0.9%).[31]  The State of Children in Suffolk^[32]report states that, "Suffolk's children have low rates of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behaviour, and low concordance with national guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption, albeit similar to the pattern seen regionally and nationally."

	Obese (%)	Overweight (%)	Healthy weight (%)	Underweight (%)
Year 6
Suffolk Coastal	16.5	13.6	68.4	1.5
Babergh	14.1	14	71.3	0.5
Mid Suffolk	15.2	14.8	69	1
Ipswich	18.7	13.2	67.2	0.9
East of England	17.7	14.1	67.1	1.2
England	19	14.4	65.3	1.3
Reception
Suffolk Coastal	8.8	14.3	76.7	0.2
Babergh	7.7	14.1	77.9	0.4
Mid Suffolk	7.7	13.2	78.7	0.3
Ipswich	9.9	12.9	76.2	0.9
East of England	9	13.1	77.1	0.8
England	9.4	13.2	76.1	1

Table12: Obesity levels of children (Census. 2011)^[33] – see chart above

Long term health issue or a disability

4.45 Figure 18 overleaf shows the number of residents with a long-term health problem or disability in 2011. From the current data Suffolk Coastal has the highest number of residents with long-term health problems that come under the 'day to day activities limited a little' section, which comes to 10.6% of the overall population. This figure is just below Ipswich for the number of residents with 'limited a lot' health problems, which stands at 8% of the overall population. 

4.46 According to the Census, some 17.6% of the resident population in the Ipswich HMA have a long-term health problem or disability, compared to 16.7% of residents in the East region and 17.6% of people across England.   Although Ipswich has the highest number of residents with long-term health problems or disabilities that 'limit day to day activities a little', as a percentage of the overall population (9.6%) it is the lowest figure. Therefore, it has the smallest percentage of the population that have long-term health problems that limit day to day activities a little when compared to the other authorities across the wider plan area.

Figure 18: Day to day activities limited a lot and a little^[34]

4.47 The Projecting Adult Needs and Service Information (PANSI) estimates show a clear relationship between physical disability and age, with the prevalence of moderate physical disability increasing by a factor of 4 between the ages of 18 and 64 and serious disability increasing by a factor of 7.^[35]

Physical activity

4.48 Increasing physical activity and exercise is a key Government objective in order to improve physical and mental health. Mid Suffolk (29.6%) has the highest percentage of the population that completed three 30 minute sessions of physical exercise per week in 2014, followed by Suffolk Coastal (27.8%), Babergh (26.5%), and Ipswich with the lowest figure in the region (19.3%).

4.49 Figure 19 overleaf indicates the percentage of the population that have completed three 30 minute sessions of physical exercise per week from 2007 through to 2015 for each district. The graph usefully demonstrates the totals for each district across the years as well as the individual annual statistics. Ipswich maintains its position as having the lowest levels of physical exercise at every year measured. Babergh and Mid Suffolk, however, are consistently above the county averages for each year. So too is Suffolk Coastal with the exception of 2009-11.

Figure 19: Percentage of the population completing 3 x 30 minutes of physical exercise per week. (Suffolk Observatory. 2015)¹⁴

Mental Health

4.50 People with mental health disorders and disabilities have a higher risk of poor physical health and premature death than the general population. Reasons for this include the impact on physical health of deprivation and poverty, but also associated lifestyle behaviours with poor nutrition, obesity, higher levels of smoking, heavy alcohol use and lack of exercise.  This contributes to higher rates of morbidity and lower life expectancy among people with mental health problems (Friedli and Dardis, 2002).

4.51 In Ipswich and east Suffolk it is estimated that there are approximately 45,766 people with common mental health disorders; 1,279 people with a borderline personality disorder; 998 people with antisocial personality disorder; 1,137 with psychotic disorders and 20,477 with psychiatric comorbidity [33].

Gypsy and Traveller Health

4.52 Gypsies and Travelers experience some of the worst health in all BME groups^[36].  On average, Gypsy and Traveller infants are 2-3 times more likely to die than infants in the general population. Twice as many Gypsies and Travelers report anxiety or depression compared to the general population. Up to 16% are not registered with a GP, and immunisation rates are low. Barriers to healthcare access include low levels of literacy and fear of racism^[37].

Recorded Crime

4.53 Both the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) set out guidance in creating safe and accessible communities.  In particular, I would draw your attention to the following: paragraphs 58 and 69 of the NPPF recommend that local planning authorities ensure their policies and decisions aim to create safe and accessible environments where crime and disorder, and the fear of crime, do not undermine quality of life or community cohesion.

4.54 Paragraph 164 advises that when preparing their Local Plan, local authorities should work with local advisors and others to ensure that they have taken into account the most up-to-date information about higher risk sites in their area for malicious threats and natural hazards, including steps that can be taken to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience.  The Design section of the PPG includes crime prevention and security measures.

4.55 Ipswich (7,265) had the highest number of criminal offences committed in 2013, amongst the local authorities across the Ipswich Housing Market Area, followed by Suffolk Coastal (3,111), Babergh (2,605), and Mid Suffolk (2,190).

4.56 When the total offences are compared to the populations for each authority, Ipswich still shows the highest figure with 5.45%, this is followed by Babergh 2.97% and Suffolk Coastal at 2.5%.  The figures for Ipswich are also higher than the regional average and the England average, with all other authorities being below these regional and national figures.

Figure 20: Total offences as a proportion of the population (NeSS, 2013)^[38]

4.57 The Police and Crime Commissioner for Suffolk has a Police and Crime Plan for Suffolk 2017 -2021 which gives Suffolk Constabulary the clarity to deliver the Commissioner's objectives and priorities for Suffolk Constabulary. This is supported by an action plan and performance management framework.

Fear of crime

4.58 There is little data on fear of crime at a regional/local level.  The Crime Survey^[39] for England and Wales is undertaken annually and provides data for England and Wales overall.  We will continue to discuss data with Norfolk and Suffolk Constabulary as we continue through the SA process.

Living environment

4.59 Noise, vibration and light pollution can all impact upon wellbeing.  It is important to ensure that the ambiance of towns and villages supports the vitality of the community and to reduce nuisance from these forms of pollution.

Future Considerations

• Health and social care provision going forwards
• Changing lifestyles and the rise in lifestyle related illnesses
• Continuing health inequalities

Likely Evolution of the Baseline without the Local Plan

• The design of new development may not encourage people to walk and cycle to access work, facilities and services therefore not improving potential for healthier lifestyles.
• Not designing out the potential for crime in new development proposals may encourage living environments that have greater potential for crime and antisocial behaviour.

Key data sources

• Suffolk Observatory 2015
• Neighbourhood Statistics 2012
• Census 2011
• ONS
• SHMA update 2017
• NHS JSNA 
• Department of Health and Public Health England.
• Healthy Suffolk Website

Key Issues for the Sustainability Appraisal

	Key SA issue across Ipswich and Suffolk Coastal	Ipswich Specific Issues
Health and Wellbeing	The need to ensure the delivery of health and social care provision in line with growth	Population is younger than the county, regional and national averages. Requirement to retain and improve existing community health facilities and services and ensure the timely delivery of new facilities to meet needs arising from new development
	The need to address health inequalities and public health	Gypsies and Travellers experience some of the worst health in all BME groups. Ipswich has proportionally more 0-5 year olds than other districts
	Promoting healthy lifestyles	Ipswich has the lowest levels of physical activity in the region
	Crime rates and anti-social behaviour	Ipswich had the highest number of criminal offences committed in 2013 in the IHMA. Addressing fear of crime.

Table 13: Key issues – Health and Wellbeing

^[6] Population Projections ONS

^[7] Ipswich & East Suffolk Clinical Commissioning Group Operational Plan 2017/18 – 2018/19

^[8] Suffolk Observatory, 2015

^[9] Open Data Communities | English Indices of Deprivation 2015 - LSOA Level

^[10] Hidden Needs in Suffolk, 2016

^[11] The State of Children in Suffolk 2016

^[12] Data from the Ipswich and Waveney Strategic Market Housing Assessment, 2017

^[13] Data from the 2001 and 2011 Census

^[14] (New 2017 Peter Brett Study)

^[15] SHMA  Update 2017

^[16] Size of dwelling stock - IHMA SHMA

^[17] Second homes by council tax band - Suffolk Observatory

^[18] The definition consists of two elements: 1.Homelessness acceptances – Number of households who are eligible, unintentionally homeless and in priority need, for which the local authority accepts responsibility for securing accommodation under part VII of the Housing Act 1996 or part III of the Housing Act 1985; and 2. Households in temporary accommodation – Number of households in "temporary accommodation" as arranged by local housing authorities. It is not possible to calculate this rate currently.

^[19] Rate of homelessness - Suffolk Observatory

^[20] House price to income ratio - Suffolk Observatory

^[21] Median property prices - IHMA SHMA

^[22] SHMA update 2017 p 7

^[23] QS103EW - Age by single year NOMIS 2011 Census

^[24] Data from 2011 Census

^[25] JSNA General overview 201/16 p.

^[26] Ipswich & East Suffolk Clinical Commissioning Group Operational Plan 2017/18 – 2018/19

^[27] https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/performance-indicators/organisations/gp-practices?ResultsViewId=1171&PageSize=10&MetricGroupId=463&SortingMetricId=-1&Latitude=52.056&Longitude=1.15&LocationName=Ipswich%2C%20Suffolk%2C%20IP1&LocationId=11412&CurrentPage=2&SortDirection=Ascending&InShortList=False&Radius=5&CurrentSearchType=Location

^[28] Op cit

^[29] Op Cit

^[30] Suffolk Observatory - Deaths as a proportion of the population

^[31] NeSS - Obesity Levels of Children

^[32] The State of Children in Suffolk

^[33] NeSS - Obesity Levels of Children

^[34] Census 2012

^[35] Ipswich & East Suffolk CCG 2013/14

³³ Mental health - Ipswich and East Suffolk CCG

³⁴ Suffolk Travellers' Health Needs Assessment, 2009

^[37] NHS Suffolk Annual Public Health Report, 2008

^[38] NeSS - Offences as a Proportion of the Population

^[39] www.crimesurvey.co.uk

^[40] Nomis - Qualifications

^[41] GCSE 2013 Press Release.pdf

^[42] NeSS - GCSE Results 5 A*-C Grades

^[43] Suffolk Observatory - Year 11 Shool Leavers

^[44] Suffolk Observatory - Year 13 School Leavers

^[45] The Suffolk County Council Education-and-Learning-Infrastructure-Plan(-Version-2.1) , page 7

^[46] Suffolk County Council

^[47] Suffolk County Council